Folic acid, a synthetic form of vitamin B9, plays a crucial role in supporting the development of healthy new cells during pregnancy. For women who are expecting or planning to conceive, adequate intake of folic acid is essential to reduce the risk of miscarriage and birth defects. This nutrient also aids in the production of the additional blood your body requires when pregnant. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that women of childbearing age should aim for a daily intake of 600 to 800 micrograms (0.6 to 0.8 milligrams) of folic acid.
When Should You Start Taking Folic Acid?
Ideally, you should begin taking folic acid before conception, even if you’re not actively trying to get pregnant. This is important because neural tube defects, which affect the spinal cord and brain, typically develop within the first 28 days of pregnancy—often before you know you’re expecting. If you discover you are pregnant and haven’t been taking folic acid, it’s crucial to start immediately to help prevent any neural defects during the initial three months of pregnancy.
Folic Acid vs. Folate
Though “folic acid” and “folate” are often used interchangeably, they are not the same. Folic acid is the man-made version commonly found in fortified foods and supplements, while folate occurs naturally in foods like leafy greens, eggs, and citrus fruits. It’s worth noting that a significant number of women (up to 60%) may have a genetic variant in their MTHFR gene, which can hinder their ability to convert synthetic folic acid into its active form, methylfolate. Consequently, it’s often recommended to obtain folate from natural food sources or supplements that provide the active form instead of synthetic folic acid.
Risks of Not Taking Folic Acid
Neglecting to take this essential vitamin increases the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, where the spinal cord is exposed due to improper closure of the vertebrae. Anencephaly, a severe brain development issue, is another major concern associated with folic acid deficiency.
Dietary Sources of Folic Acid
About half of all pregnancies are unplanned, prompting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to mandate the fortification of certain foods with folic acid to ensure adequate intake among women of childbearing age. Foods rich in folate include:
- Leafy green vegetables like spinach
- Citrus fruits, particularly orange juice
- Beans, peas, and nuts
- Enriched grains, such as bread and cereals
- Rice and pasta
While these foods contribute to your folic acid intake, your healthcare provider may recommend a daily supplement to ensure you meet the required amounts.
Assessing Your Risk for Neural Tube Defects
Women with a history of neural tube defects in previous pregnancies or those not consuming a balanced diet with sufficient folic acid are at a higher risk. The best preventive measure is to take the recommended dosage of 600 to 800 micrograms of folic acid daily for at least a month before conception and during the first trimester. However, the total daily intake should not exceed 1,000 micrograms.
Diagnosis of Neural Tube Defects
Neural tube defects can be identified through an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test, usually conducted between 16 to 18 weeks of gestation. This blood test measures the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, a substance generated by the fetus. If levels are abnormally high, it may indicate a neural tube defect.
What If Your AFP Levels Are Elevated?
Elevated AFP levels can also suggest other conditions, such as multiple pregnancies or issues with the placenta. Other potential causes for high AFP include maternal diabetes or liver disease, and in some cases, it may indicate the presence of birth defects. If you receive an elevated AFP result, follow-up tests may include a second AFP test, ultrasound, or amniocentesis.
For more information on how to effectively plan your pregnancy, consider checking out resources on artificial insemination and explore free sperm donor matching services in Las Vegas. Additionally, Make A Mom provides unique at-home insemination options, along with a guide on how it works. For further insights into pregnancy nutrition, you might want to read on neural tube defects and how to maintain a healthy pregnancy, or visit Modern Family Blog for expert advice.
In summary, ensuring adequate folic acid intake is vital for women who are pregnant or planning to conceive. By starting supplementation early and maintaining a balanced diet, you can significantly reduce the risk of serious neural tube defects in your future child.