Typically, the placenta attaches to the uterine wall in a normal pregnancy. However, in some cases, it can attach too deeply into the uterine wall, leading to a condition known as placenta accreta. This condition can also manifest as placenta increta or placenta percreta, depending on the depth of the attachment. Approximately 1 in 2,500 pregnancies will experience one of these conditions.
What’s the Difference?
The classification of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta is based on how deeply the placenta attaches to the uterine wall:
- Placenta Accreta: The placenta attaches too deeply but does not penetrate the uterine muscle; this form accounts for about 75% of cases.
- Placenta Increta: Here, the placenta penetrates into the uterine muscle, making up roughly 15% of cases.
- Placenta Percreta: This severe form occurs when the placenta penetrates through the entire uterine wall and may attach to other organs, like the bladder. It represents about 5% of cases.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of placenta accreta remains unclear, it is often associated with conditions like placenta previa and a history of cesarean deliveries. In fact, around 5% to 10% of women with placenta previa may develop placenta accreta. The likelihood of placenta accreta increases with the number of cesarean sections a woman has undergone, with over 60% of cases related to multiple cesareans.
Risks for the Baby
For the baby, the primary concerns include the potential for premature delivery and related complications. Third-trimester bleeding can be a warning sign of placenta accreta, which often leads to early birth. Healthcare providers typically monitor the pregnancy closely, utilizing medications, bed rest, and other interventions to support the pregnancy as it approaches full term.
Risks for the Mother
For the mother, the main risk is severe hemorrhaging during attempts to detach the placenta from the uterine wall. This can be life-threatening. Additional concerns include potential damage to the uterus or other organs during placenta removal, particularly in cases of percreta. A hysterectomy may be necessary in some instances, which would result in the loss of the uterus and the ability to conceive again.
Treatment Options
Unfortunately, there is little that can be done to prevent placenta accreta, and treatment options are limited once diagnosed. Upon diagnosis, healthcare providers will closely monitor the pregnancy and may plan for a surgical delivery that aims to preserve the uterus. It is crucial to discuss these surgical options if you hope to have more children in the future. In severe cases, a hysterectomy may be unavoidable, so having an open dialogue with your healthcare provider is essential.
For those exploring at-home insemination options, consider looking into resources like Vegas Pregnancy, which offers a free sperm donor matching service in Las Vegas, or Make A Mom, which provides a unique reusable at-home insemination method. You can learn how this process works by visiting Make A Mom’s guide.
For further reading on related health concerns, check out our post on why your eyes may be bloodshot after giving birth, and explore Healthline’s resource on intrauterine insemination for additional insights. For a broader perspective, Modern Family Blog offers valuable information on this topic as well here.
Summary
Placenta accreta is a serious condition that requires careful monitoring and management throughout pregnancy. Understanding the risks and treatment options can help expectant mothers navigate their care effectively. Collaborating with healthcare providers is essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.