Eating disorders among children and adolescents are increasingly prevalent. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry notes that up to 10% of young women may experience these disorders. My own experience began at age 13 with body scrutiny, escalating to an obsession with exercise by 14. I was constantly doing push-ups and crunches, leaving imprints on my back from the carpet. By 15, I was restricting my food intake to just 800 calories a day or one meal. Although I was never diagnosed with full-blown anorexia or bulimia, my condition was classified as an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and was incredibly debilitating. Yet, my parents remained unaware, primarily because the signs of eating disorders in young people aren’t always easy to spot.
Erin Parks, a clinical psychologist and chief clinical officer at Equip, explains, “Many people think weight loss is the main indicator of an eating disorder, but in many children, we actually see a lack of weight gain.” For instance, a 15-year-old should weigh more than they did at 13. A drop-off in their growth curve can often signal an eating disorder.
Types of Eating Disorders
There are five clinically recognized eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia, binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). Additionally, there are many unofficial conditions. For example, compulsive overeating refers to individuals who consume large amounts of food throughout the day, while orthorexia nervosa describes an obsession with dieting that disrupts everyday life. Pregorexia refers to food restriction during pregnancy.
Causes of Eating Disorders
The development of eating disorders is complex and multifaceted. Factors such as environment, genetics, and personal experiences can contribute. Commonly, individuals with eating disorders struggle with low self-esteem and poor body image. Participation in sports or activities focused on weight can increase vulnerability, as can dieting at a young age.
Recognizing Symptoms in Children and Teens
The symptoms of eating disorders can differ greatly among individuals, but some common signs include:
- Unusual behaviors during meals, such as discomfort or a preoccupation with food
- Excessive exercise or refusal to eat certain foods
- Preference for low-fat options or playing with food
- Significant weight loss or failure to gain expected weight
- Frequent discussions about dieting, health, or strict food rules
- Wearing baggy clothes, especially in warmer weather
- Negative self-talk about their body image
- Skipping meals or isolating during family meals
- Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety
- Physical issues like stomach pain or dizziness
More severe physiological symptoms may include extreme weight loss or gastrointestinal problems.
Taking Action if You Suspect an Eating Disorder
If you think your child may be struggling with an eating disorder, know that help is available. Recovery is possible. Start by having an open, calm conversation with your child. Discuss your concerns with a healthcare provider, therapist, and dietitian who specialize in eating disorders. It’s essential to create a supportive home environment as well. Parks emphasizes the importance of modeling healthy behaviors, such as enjoying meals together and fostering a positive attitude towards all foods.
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In summary, recognizing and addressing eating disorders in children and teens is crucial. Parents should be vigilant about changes in behavior and seek professional help when needed, fostering an environment that promotes healthy attitudes toward food and body image.
Keyphrase: Understanding Eating Disorders in Children
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