Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is commonly defined as a fetal weight that falls below the 10th percentile for its gestational age, as determined through ultrasound. This condition is also referred to as Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) or fetal growth restriction.
Types of IUGR
IUGR can generally be divided into two main categories:
- Symmetric or Primary IUGR: This type affects all internal organs, resulting in a proportional reduction in size. It accounts for about 20% to 25% of all IUGR cases.
- Asymmetric or Secondary IUGR: In this form, the head and brain develop normally, while the abdomen appears smaller. This discrepancy often becomes noticeable only in the third trimester.
Risk Factors
Certain pregnancies are at a heightened risk of developing IUGR due to factors such as:
- Maternal weight under 100 pounds
- Inadequate nutrition during pregnancy
- Presence of birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities
- Substance use, including drugs, tobacco, and alcohol
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
- Abnormalities in the placenta or umbilical cord
- Multiple gestations
- Gestational diabetes in the mother
- Low levels of amniotic fluid, known as oligohydramnios
Diagnosis of IUGR
Accurate dating of the pregnancy is crucial for diagnosing IUGR. Gestational age can be calculated using the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and early ultrasound data. Diagnosis can then be made through:
- Fundal height measurements that do not align with gestational age
- Ultrasound findings indicating smaller measurements than expected
- Abnormal results from Doppler ultrasound studies
Treatment Options
Despite advances in research, determining the best treatment for IUGR can be challenging. The approach often relies on how far along the pregnancy is:
- For pregnancies 34 weeks or older, healthcare providers may suggest inducing labor for an early delivery.
- If the pregnancy is under 34 weeks, monitoring will continue until 34 weeks or later. During this period, fetal well-being and amniotic fluid levels will be closely observed. Should any concerns arise, immediate delivery may be recommended. Your healthcare provider may schedule visits every 2 to 6 weeks leading up to delivery. If delivery is indicated before 34 weeks, an amniocentesis may be performed to assess fetal lung maturity.
Risks Associated with IUGR
Babies born with IUGR face various risks, including:
- Increased likelihood of cesarean delivery
- Higher risk of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency at birth)
- Potential for meconium aspiration, which occurs when a baby inhales a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid, possibly leading to serious conditions like pneumothorax or bacterial pneumonia
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Polycythemia (elevated red blood cell count)
- Hyperviscosity (decreased blood flow due to increased red blood cells)
- Elevated risk of motor and neurological disabilities
If you’re exploring options for conception or dealing with IUGR, consider utilizing resources like Vegas Pregnancy, a free sperm donor matching service in Las Vegas, or Make a Mom, which offers innovative at-home insemination solutions, including the only reusable option. Learn more about how at-home insemination works by visiting this link. For insights and success stories, you might find our post on successful at-home insemination helpful. For further reading on this topic, Modern Family Blog serves as an excellent authority. Additionally, Johns Hopkins Medicine provides extensive information on fertility and home insemination.
In summary, IUGR is a significant concern that can affect fetal health and development. Understanding its types, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options is essential for expectant parents.