Around 85% of menstruating women report experiencing changes in the days or weeks leading up to their period that disrupt their daily lives. This condition is known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Approximately 2-10% of women face more severe symptoms that significantly impact their everyday activities, which is referred to as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
What Are the Symptoms of PMS?
PMS can manifest in various ways, including:
- Behavioral Symptoms: Fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, fluctuating sexual interest, cravings for certain foods, or overeating.
- Psychological Symptoms: Irritability, anger, depression, crying spells, anxiety, tension, mood swings, difficulty concentrating, confusion, forgetfulness, restlessness, feelings of loneliness, and decreased self-esteem.
- Physical Symptoms: Headaches, breast tenderness, bloating, back pain, abdominal cramps, weight gain, swelling in the extremities, fluid retention, nausea, and muscle or joint pain.
What Are the Symptoms of PMDD?
PMDD presents with more intense symptoms, such as:
- Behavioral Symptoms: Reduced interest in usual activities (e.g., work, school, friends, hobbies), excessive sleeping or insomnia, quick fatigue, changes in appetite, binge eating, or cravings for specific foods.
- Psychological Symptoms: Persistent sadness or hopelessness, self-critical thoughts, anxiety, tension, feeling overwhelmed, sudden sadness or tearfulness, increased sensitivity to rejection, ongoing anger or irritability, interpersonal conflicts, and trouble focusing.
- Physical Symptoms: Breast tenderness or swelling, headaches, joint or muscle pain, sensation of bloating, and weight gain.
What Should I Do If My Symptoms Interfere with Daily Activities?
Keep a daily symptom diary for 2-3 months to track your experiences. After this period, consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and guidance.
How Are PMS and PMDD Treated?
Treatment options vary widely and may include lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, or prescribed medications. It’s essential to discuss with your physician to find the most suitable approach for your situation.
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In summary, PMS and PMDD can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, and recognizing symptoms is the first step towards managing them effectively.