Colic is a term that has been around for many years, often used to describe infants who cry for extended periods. Many parents wonder if their baby is experiencing colic and what can be done to alleviate it.
What is Colic?
Colic is typically characterized by inconsolable crying in infants that lasts for several hours each day, starting as early as two weeks and lasting until about three months of age. About four decades ago, pediatrician Dr. Samuel Thompson conducted a pivotal study on excessively fussy infants. He defined colic not in scientific terms but in practical terms that stuck with healthcare providers. According to his “Rule of Threes,” a colicky baby cries for over three hours a day, for more than three days a week, and for at least three weeks. This has come to be known as the Thompson Criteria, which remains a standard in current studies regarding colic.
Key Facts About Colic
- Some experts believe colic affects all infants, but the degree of crying determines whether it’s classified as colic.
- Approximately 20-25% of infants meet the criteria for colic based on Thompson’s definitions.
- Babies with colic often exhibit signs like pulling their legs up, clenching their fists, and passing gas. They may also have distended, hard bellies. While gas doesn’t cause colic, it often accompanies it as babies swallow air while crying.
- The crying typically intensifies in the evening hours.
- Colicky crying often appears to be intense and uncomfortable, as if the baby is in pain.
- Colic generally peaks around 6-8 weeks after birth.
- In about half of the cases, colic resolves by three months, and in 90% of cases, it subsides by nine months.
- A colicky baby is still a healthy baby. They often require more holding and comfort, but this does not spoil them, contrary to popular belief.
What Causes Colic?
Despite years of research, there’s no definitive answer to what causes these prolonged crying episodes in some infants. Here are some factors that might contribute:
- A sensitive temperament that craves more attention.
- An immature nervous system.
- Increased sensitivity to sensory stimulation.
- Breastfed babies may react to certain foods in their mother’s diet, such as dairy.
- Formula-fed babies might be intolerant to specific proteins in their formula.
- Overfeeding or feeding too quickly.
- Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have double the risk of developing colic.
- Intestinal gas due to swallowed air during crying episodes.
- Not burping the baby properly or incorrect positioning after feeding.
- Low birth weight.
- Hunger.
- Acid reflux.
Treatments for Colic
While there is no proven cure for colic, many treatments aim to lessen the intensity of crying and address potential aggravating factors. Here are some commonly used strategies to soothe colicky babies:
- Holding your baby can be one of the most effective treatments. The more hours you spend holding them when they’re not fussy, the less likely they are to cry excessively at night.
- Applying a warm compress on your baby’s tummy (ensure it’s not too hot).
- Breastfeeding mothers should ensure that their baby is getting enough “hindmilk” during feedings, which can help alleviate colic.
- Mothers may need to assess their diets for any potential irritants.
- Gently massaging your baby’s stomach in a clockwise direction can aid digestion.
- Formula-fed infants may need a switch to a different formula if they’re allergic to certain ingredients.
- Consult with your healthcare provider about the potential use of probiotics.
- Chiropractic care is another option some parents explore.
- Holding your baby face down on your knees while gently moving their legs can provide relief.
- Frequent burping during feedings is essential.
- Keeping your baby upright after feedings can help as well.
For additional insights on soothing a crying baby, check out more strategies here.
Could Colic Indicate a More Serious Condition?
Sometimes, excessive crying can be a sign of an underlying medical issue. Some conditions that may lead to persistent crying include:
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
- Hernias
- Food allergies
- Intestinal obstruction
What Are Not Signs of Colic?
Symptoms that do not indicate colic include:
- Fever
- Mucus or blood in stools
- Vomiting or projectile spitting
- Reduced appetite
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Summary
Colic remains a challenging experience for many parents, but understanding its nature can help in managing it effectively. By exploring various soothing techniques and consulting healthcare professionals, parents can find relief for their infants.