Lifestyle
Understanding the Relationship Between Addiction and Mental Health
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Mental health challenges, ranging from depression and anxiety to substance use, are widespread issues. Each year, around 44 million Americans grapple with mental health disorders. What many may not realize is the significant overlap between addiction and mental health issues. It is estimated that about 9 million individuals experience co-occurring disorders, and shockingly, most of them do not receive treatment. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reports that only 7 percent of these individuals get help for both conditions, often due to shame, stigma, and misdiagnosis. Many suffering from dual challenges endure their struggles in silence.
“The coexistence of mental health disorders and substance use disorders is very prevalent,” says Dr. Sarah Thompson, founder of the Wellness Center. “In fact, experiencing mental health issues during adolescence significantly increases the likelihood of substance abuse later in life. Nearly half of those with mental health disorders also battle substance use issues — and the reverse is equally true. It’s crucial to understand that while there is a strong link between substance abuse and mental health disorders, addiction typically does not cause mental health problems; rather, it often manifests as a symptom of a pre-existing condition.”
I have seen the effects of comorbidity firsthand. My father struggled with mental health for years, facing symptoms of depression and anxiety. After the birth of my child, he began using alcohol as a means to cope, numbing his pain and drowning out his problems for years. Tragically, both his mental health and addiction ultimately took his life at the age of 68. I, too, live with anxiety disorder and PTSD and tend to overindulge when I’m in a manic phase, drinking recklessly until I black out. And it appears I am not alone.
“Many individuals dealing with mental health issues turn to addiction as a way to self-medicate,” Dr. Thompson elaborates. “For instance, about 30% of those with major depressive disorder find little relief from antidepressants, leading them to seek solace in drugs or alcohol.”
However, this is not the sole reason. Research indicates that both addiction and mental health disorders may stem from underlying brain abnormalities or early-life trauma.
When it comes to symptoms, there is considerable overlap between addiction and mental health conditions. “Addiction leads to behavioral, physical, and social changes,” Dr. Thompson explains. People may experience declines in work or academic performance, isolation, and engage in risky behaviors. Changes in appetite and sleep patterns are common indicators, as are mood swings.
Physical manifestations might include unusual clothing choices (like wearing long sleeves in warm weather), sudden weight fluctuations, a disheveled appearance, tremors, slurred speech, and poor coordination. Socially, individuals may change their circle of friends, withdraw from hobbies, and struggle with managing finances.
Mental health conditions can produce a wide variety of symptoms too, including feelings of sadness, apathy, irritability, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and an overall sense of unease. Many symptoms overlap with those of addiction, such as mood swings, hopelessness, changes in appetite and weight, racing thoughts, risk-taking behavior, and feelings of grandiosity. Those with mental health challenges often find their daily lives, including work and social interactions, significantly affected.
For anyone facing both addiction and mental health disorders, there is hope and support available. Both conditions can be effectively treated. You don’t have to navigate this journey alone. “Given that untreated mental health issues increase the likelihood of substance abuse later in life, it’s critical to address these issues as early as possible,” Dr. Thompson advises. “This can be achieved through a combination of therapy and medication. Successful addiction treatment often requires adequately addressing mental health issues, as unresolved or inadequately treated conditions can lead to relapse.”
The encouraging news is that both addiction and mental health issues can — and should — be treated at the same time, leading to the best outcomes for patients. Although the path may be challenging, the reward of achieving a healthier, happier self is well worth the effort.
If you or someone you care about is dealing with addiction or mental health challenges, remember: help is available. For more information on treatment options, check out this insightful resource on mental health and addiction.
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