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The birds are singing, the sun is beaming, and the temperatures are rising. Summer is meant to be a season of joy filled with beach outings, playdates, and late nights. But what if it doesn’t feel that way? What if the supposed carefree days of summer become a source of distress?
Your mood changes might be more than just a seasonal whim; they could indicate a condition known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
“Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression connected to shifts in the seasons,” explains an article from the Mayo Clinic. “SAD typically begins and concludes around the same times each year. While most individuals experience symptoms in the late fall or early winter, some may find their symptoms arise in spring or summer.”
What is Seasonal Depression?
As previously noted, seasonal depression—or SAD—arises as the seasons change. It impacts about 4% to 6% of the U.S. population and is often triggered by shorter, colder days. However, around 10% of individuals experience symptoms during the summertime.
Why Do Seasonal Changes Trigger Depression?
The exact reasons behind seasonal affective disorder remain unclear. Still, various factors seem to contribute, such as fluctuations in melatonin or serotonin levels, along with changes to your body’s circadian rhythm. The Mayo Clinic states that the diminished sunlight in fall and winter may lead to winter-onset SAD, while summer-onset SAD is likely linked to longer daylight hours and increased heat and humidity. However, these causes remain hypothetical and not definitively established.
What Are The Symptoms?
Symptoms of SAD closely resemble those of major depressive disorder and include:
- Persistent feelings of depression
- Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities
- Low energy or disrupted sleep patterns
- Changes in weight or eating habits
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feelings of hopelessness or guilt
- Thoughts of self-harm
Emotional numbness may also be present.
Who Is Affected by Seasonal Depression?
While many are impacted by seasonal depression, certain groups are more prone to SAD, including:
- Women: Females are generally more affected by seasonal patterns of major depressive disorder, though men often report more severe symptoms.
- Genetic predisposition: Individuals with a family history of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or other mood disorders are at a higher risk.
- Geographical location: Research has indicated that people living closer to the equator may experience more summer-induced depression compared to those in cooler climates.
- Individuals with bipolar disorder: They may also face seasonal mood fluctuations.
How Is SAD Diagnosed?
Diagnosing SAD can be challenging due to its similarity to major depressive disorder. Doctors may employ several methods, such as physical exams, blood tests, and psychological evaluations. Understanding the pattern of your mood shifts is essential. “The key characteristic of SAD is that your mood changes in accordance with the seasons,” notes WebMD.
What Are The Treatment Options?
Treatment for seasonal depression varies based on symptom severity. Traditional antidepressants, such as Bupropion XL, are commonly prescribed for SAD, being the only FDA-approved medication specifically for this condition. Light therapy is also frequently utilized, although its effectiveness during summer months is still uncertain.
Though seasonal depression can be daunting, it is important to remember that these feelings are temporary, and support is available. You don’t have to navigate this alone.
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Summary
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) can affect individuals during any season, not just winter. While the exact causes remain uncertain, various factors like sunlight exposure and genetic predisposition may play a role. Symptoms often mirror those of major depression and can significantly impact daily life. Diagnosis can be complex, but treatment options are available to help manage symptoms effectively.
Keyphrase: Seasonal Affective Disorder
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