Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a serious condition that can affect identical twins and other multiples sharing a placenta. This disorder occurs when the blood vessels within the shared placenta become interconnected. As a result, one twin, known as the recipient, receives an excess of blood flow, while the other twin, referred to as the donor, is deprived of adequate blood supply. Approximately 15% of identical twins face this risk, whereas fraternal twins, who do not share a placenta, are not at risk for TTTS.
Prevention of TTTS: Is It Possible?
Unfortunately, there is no specific action that can be taken to prevent TTTS. This condition arises randomly and is not inherited. Expecting parents can only be vigilant and informed about the potential risks.
How Is TTTS Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers may suspect TTTS during an ultrasound if they observe certain indicators, such as:
- A significant size difference between the twins of the same gender
- Disparities in the size of their respective amniotic sacs
- Variations in the size of the umbilical cords
- The presence of a single placenta
- Fluid accumulation in the skin of either twin
- Signs of congestive heart failure in the recipient twin
- Excess amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios) in the recipient twin
- Insufficient amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) in the donor twin
Mothers carrying twins affected by TTTS may notice:
- A rapid sensation of womb growth
- A uterus that measures larger than expected for gestational age
- Abdominal discomfort, tightness, or contractions
- A sudden increase in body weight
- Swelling in the hands and legs, particularly in early pregnancy
Treatment Options for TTTS
In the past, TTTS often resulted in the loss of both babies, but advancements in medical technology have introduced new treatment options. Amniocentesis, which involves draining excess fluid, can improve blood flow in the placenta and decrease the risk of preterm labor. This procedure can potentially save around 60% of affected babies. Alternatively, laser surgery can be performed to seal off the abnormal blood vessel connections, with a similar success rate. If the twins’ lungs are deemed mature, delivery might also be considered.
Why Choose Laser Surgery Over Amniocentesis?
While amniocentesis may need to be repeated throughout the pregnancy to maintain healthy blood flow, laser surgery typically requires only one treatment.
Potential Complications
Complications can arise from TTTS, including:
- Premature labor, which may occur due to ruptured membranes or medical induction
- Heart, respiratory, digestive, or brain defects in the recipient twin caused by excess fluid
- Anemia in the donor twin
- Fetal demise or death
Ongoing Monitoring and Resources
The Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome Foundation recommends weekly ultrasounds after 16 weeks of pregnancy to closely monitor TTTS, even if initial warning signs diminish. For more information, you can visit the foundation’s website.
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Furthermore, to better understand childbirth and its history, refer to our post on the history of childbirth. Engaging with authoritative sources like Modern Family Blog can provide additional insights into multiple pregnancies and associated complications.
In summary, TTTS is a complex condition affecting identical twins sharing a placenta, and while it cannot be prevented, early diagnosis and modern treatments can significantly improve outcomes. Staying informed and seeking support from reliable resources is crucial for expectant parents navigating this challenging situation.