Fifth disease, caused by the human parvovirus B19, is a contagious illness that spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, as well as through bodily fluids. During pregnancy, the incidence of Fifth disease is relatively low, affecting about 1 in 400 expectant mothers annually in the United States. Most women who contract the disease while pregnant go on to deliver healthy babies. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to be aware of the symptoms, treatment options, and potential risks associated with Fifth disease for both mother and child. Here’s a closer look at how to manage and prevent Fifth disease during pregnancy.
Symptoms of Fifth Disease in Pregnant Women
If you contract Fifth disease during pregnancy, you might experience the following symptoms:
- Joint soreness that can persist for several days or even weeks
- Fever
- Headaches
- Sore throat
- A lacy red rash on the cheeks, limbs, abdomen, and neck
Typically, the rash is more common in children, while adults often report other symptoms. It’s important to note that these symptoms are consistent in all adults, regardless of whether they are pregnant or not.
Diagnosis of Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
If you believe you’ve been exposed to Fifth disease but haven’t developed a rash, your healthcare provider may recommend a blood test to confirm the infection. The primary worry when Fifth disease is contracted during pregnancy is its impact on the unborn child. Your doctor might suggest additional ultrasounds over the next 8 to 12 weeks to monitor for any potential complications. If there are indications of the disease affecting the baby, further tests like amniocentesis or cordocentesis may be advised to evaluate the infection’s severity.
Potential Complications of Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
While complications are infrequent, they can occur in about 5% of cases. The most significant risk to your unborn baby is anemia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of healthy red blood cells, which are vital for delivering oxygen throughout the body. Most cases of anemia are mild and can be monitored after birth. However, severe anemia can lead to hydrops, a serious condition marked by fluid accumulation in the baby’s body, potentially resulting in congestive heart failure or even death. In some cases, healthcare professionals may perform an in utero blood transfusion to address hydrops, and early induction may be necessary if it develops during the third trimester.
Treatment for Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
Fortunately, Fifth disease usually resolves itself without requiring treatment, even in healthy adults and children. When it occurs in pregnant women, the focus is on monitoring the baby for signs of infection and potential anemia. In rare instances where the condition becomes severe, your healthcare provider may recommend an in utero blood transfusion to manage the situation.
Preventing Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
Currently, no vaccine is available for Fifth disease, making prevention the best strategy. Here are some effective ways to reduce your risk of infection:
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and hot water
- Dispose of tissues and other items that may contain bodily fluids properly
- Cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing
- Limit contact with individuals who have been diagnosed with Fifth disease
The good news is that the precautions taken to avoid Fifth disease also help protect against other infections and viruses.
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For more insights on early pregnancy signs, take a look at our post on two beautiful pink lines.
Overall, while the incidence of Fifth disease during pregnancy is low, maintaining awareness and taking preventive measures can help ensure a healthy pregnancy.