Toxoplasmosis is a rare but potentially serious infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, often found in cat feces. It can also be contracted through consuming undercooked meat or contaminated fruits and vegetables. If you’ve had cats in the past, it’s possible that you may have already been exposed to the parasite and developed immunity. Here’s a closer look at what you should know about toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all
How Common is Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy?
Toxoplasmosis is more prevalent in warm, humid climates. Over 50% of individuals in Central and Southern Europe, Africa, South America, and Asia have been infected. In France, the infection rate is notably high, likely due to the local consumption of raw or undercooked meat. In the United States, it is estimated that 1 in 1,000 to 8,000 babies are born with toxoplasmosis. Environments like veterinary clinics, animal shelters, and meatpacking facilities present increased risks for transmission.
Impact on Pregnancy
For women who lack immunity, exposure to Toxoplasma during or shortly before pregnancy can lead to fetal infection. According to the Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS), if a mother is infected between weeks 10-24, there’s about a 5-6% chance of severe complications for the newborn. Potential effects on the baby include:
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
- Jaundice
- Retinal issues
- Cognitive impairments
- Abnormal head size
- Seizures
- Brain calcifications
While the risk of infection increases in the third trimester, the likelihood of severe complications decreases as most fetal development has already occurred.
Prevention of Toxoplasmosis
To reduce your risk of toxoplasmosis:
- Avoid handling cat litter; ask someone else to take care of it.
- Keep cats off kitchen counters.
- Do not feed your cat raw meat.
- Wash your hands thoroughly after handling cats or raw meat.
- Ensure surfaces are clean and cook meat thoroughly.
- When dining out, request well-cooked meat.
- Practicing good hygiene is key to preventing transmission.
Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis
Many healthcare providers will screen for immunity to toxoplasmosis either before pregnancy or during the first prenatal visit. A blood test can confirm if you have been exposed to the parasite. If diagnosed during pregnancy, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics for several months to mitigate risks to the fetus. Cordocentesis can help determine if the fetus has been infected.
For more information on pregnancy health, consider checking out the Fetal Life App, which offers meal recommendations, kick counters, and blood glucose tracking.
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For comprehensive pregnancy resources, check out March of Dimes, and learn more about the overall journey of pregnancy at Modern Family Blog.
In summary, being aware of toxoplasmosis and its potential effects during pregnancy is crucial for expecting mothers. By following preventive measures and staying informed, you can help ensure a healthier pregnancy.