Stillbirth is a heartbreaking reality that many families face, defined as the intrauterine demise of a developing infant after 20 weeks of gestation. According to the National Stillbirth Society, it occurs in roughly 1 in every 160 pregnancies. Most stillbirths happen before labor, with a smaller fraction occurring during delivery. If you or someone you know has experienced the loss of a baby in this way, the quest for answers can be overwhelming.
Why Do Stillbirths Happen?
The causes of stillbirth can be complex and often remain unclear. An autopsy is typically the most reliable method for identifying a cause, although not all hospitals routinely perform them. If you find yourself in this situation, it’s important to discuss the hospital’s procedures and ensure that you can request an autopsy if desired.
Some of the most common causes of stillbirth include:
- Placental Issues: Conditions like placental abruption or pregnancy-related high blood pressure (such as preeclampsia) significantly raise the risk of stillbirth. Insufficient oxygen and nutrients from the placenta can also lead to tragic outcomes.
- Congenital Defects: Birth defects account for approximately 15-20% of stillbirths. These can stem from chromosomal anomalies or other unidentified genetic or environmental factors.
- Growth Restriction: Infants who are small for their gestational age may face risks of asphyxia (lack of oxygen) both before and during birth.
- Infections: Certain bacterial infections that occur between 24 and 27 weeks of pregnancy can result in fetal death, often going unnoticed by the mother.
Other rare causes might include umbilical cord complications, trauma, maternal diabetes, and prolonged pregnancies (lasting beyond 42 weeks). Unfortunately, in about one-third of cases, no definitive cause can be identified.
Who Is at Greater Risk?
Several factors can increase a mother’s likelihood of experiencing stillbirth:
- Women aged 35 and older
- Malnutrition
- Insufficient prenatal care
- Smoking and substance abuse
- African-American ethnicity
How Is Stillbirth Diagnosed?
Many women may first notice a decrease in their baby’s movements, prompting concern. An ultrasound can confirm the baby’s status and occasionally provide insights into the cause.
Can Stillbirth Be Prevented?
Advancements in medical care have led to a decline in stillbirth rates. Women with high-risk pregnancies are often monitored through regular ultrasounds and fetal heart rate assessments, allowing for early intervention if issues arise. Here are some proactive steps to help reduce the risk of stillbirth:
- Daily Kick Counts: Begin tracking your baby’s movements around 26-28 weeks of pregnancy. Familiarizing yourself with what is normal for your baby can help you notice any sudden decreases in activity. If you do observe a change, contact your healthcare provider immediately. An ultrasound can usually help identify any issues.
- Avoid Harmful Substances: Steering clear of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco can significantly reduce your risk of stillbirth and other complications. If you experience vaginal bleeding during the latter half of your pregnancy, reach out to your healthcare provider right away.
- Close Monitoring in Future Pregnancies: If you’ve had a previous stillbirth, ensure that any future pregnancies are closely monitored to take preventive measures.
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For a deeper dive into the topic, you might find our article on intra-cervical insemination helpful, as well as insights from Modern Family Blog, an authoritative source on family planning. For additional guidance, check out Healthline’s resource on IUI.
In summary, while stillbirth is a complex and often tragic outcome, understanding its causes and risk factors can empower families. By taking proactive measures and seeking the right support, expectant parents can navigate their journeys with greater awareness and care.