Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a contagious viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. This illness spreads primarily through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes, as well as through bodily fluids. In the United States, about 1 in 400 pregnant women contract fifth disease each year. Fortunately, most women who get infected during pregnancy go on to have healthy babies.
It’s crucial to be aware of the signs, symptoms, treatment options, and potential impacts of fifth disease on both the mother and the baby. Here’s a closer look at what you should know.
Symptoms of Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
- Joint pain that can last several days or weeks
- Fever
- Headaches
- Sore throat
- A red rash on the cheeks, legs, abdomen, and neck
Typically, the characteristic red rash appears in children, while adults, including those who are pregnant, are more likely to experience other symptoms. Regardless of pregnancy status, the symptoms of fifth disease remain consistent among adults.
How is Fifth Disease Diagnosed During Pregnancy?
If you suspect you’ve been exposed to fifth disease but have yet to develop a rash, a blood test will be necessary to confirm the infection. The primary concern when contracting fifth disease during pregnancy is the potential effect on your unborn child. Your healthcare provider may recommend additional ultrasounds over 8 to 12 weeks to monitor for any complications. If the ultrasound indicates signs of the disease in your baby, your doctor may suggest amniocentesis or cordocentesis to assess the infection and its severity.
Potential Complications of Fifth Disease During Pregnancy
Although rare, complications can occur in about 5% of cases. The most significant risk associated with fifth disease is anemia in the unborn child, which is caused by a deficiency of healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells are vital for delivering oxygen throughout your baby’s body. While anemia is usually mild and can be monitored after birth, severe cases can lead to hydrops, a serious condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the body of your baby. Hydrops can result in congestive heart failure and even death. In some instances, doctors may perform a blood transfusion while the baby is still in utero. If hydrops occurs during the third trimester, early induction of labor may be necessary.
How is Fifth Disease Treated During Pregnancy?
Keep in mind that fifth disease is relatively uncommon in pregnancy, affecting about 1 in 400 women. Of these cases, only 5% face complications. Generally, fifth disease is mild and resolves on its own in healthy adults and children. Babies are monitored closely for signs of the infection and potential anemia. In rare situations where the condition worsens, your healthcare provider may recommend a blood transfusion for your baby while still in the womb.
How Can You Prevent Fifth Disease During Pregnancy?
Currently, there is no vaccine for fifth disease, making prevention the most effective approach. Here are some tips to help you avoid infection:
- Wash your hands regularly with warm water and soap
- Carefully dispose of tissues or other items that may carry bodily fluids
- Cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing
- Limit exposure to individuals diagnosed with fifth disease
The good news is that these preventive measures also help protect against other viruses and infections. If you’re considering options for starting a family, you might find resources like Vegas Pregnancy useful for sperm donor matching, or explore Make a Mom for at-home insemination solutions. To understand how at-home insemination works, check out this helpful guide.
In addition, if you’re curious about how sexual activity could influence labor, you can read more in this blog post. For further insights, Modern Family Blog is an excellent authority on family planning topics, and the ACOG provides valuable information regarding infertility treatment.
In summary, understanding fifth disease and its implications during pregnancy can help you stay informed and proactive. While most cases are mild, being aware of symptoms and preventive measures is essential for the health of both mother and child.