Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is commonly defined as a fetal weight that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age, as determined by an ultrasound. This condition is also referred to as small for gestational age (SGA) or fetal growth restriction.
Are There Different Types of IUGR?
IUGR can be classified into two main types:
- Symmetric IUGR: This type is characterized by a uniform reduction in the size of all internal organs. Symmetric IUGR accounts for approximately 20% to 25% of IUGR cases.
- Asymmetric IUGR: This type occurs when the head and brain remain normal in size, while the abdomen is smaller. Typically, signs of asymmetric IUGR become apparent in the third trimester.
What Are the Risk Factors for Developing IUGR?
Pregnancies with any of the following conditions may be at a higher risk of developing IUGR:
- Maternal weight below 100 pounds
- Poor nutrition during pregnancy
- Congenital anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities
- Substance use (drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol)
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
- Placental abnormalities
- Umbilical cord issues
- Multiple pregnancies
- Gestational diabetes in the mother
- Low amniotic fluid levels (oligohydramnios)
How is IUGR Diagnosed?
One of the key aspects in diagnosing IUGR is confirming the accurate gestational age. This can be calculated using the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) or through early ultrasound measurements. Once the gestational age is established, the following methods may be employed to diagnose IUGR:
- Uterine height that does not correspond to gestational age
- Ultrasound measurements that are smaller than expected for gestational age
- Abnormal findings on a Doppler ultrasound
How is IUGR Treated?
Despite recent research, determining the optimal treatment for IUGR remains challenging. Treatment generally depends on how far along the pregnancy is.
- If the gestational age is 34 weeks or more, healthcare providers may recommend inducing labor for a premature delivery.
- If the gestational age is less than 34 weeks, providers will continue monitoring until 34 weeks or beyond. The fetal well-being and amount of amniotic fluid will be observed during this time. If either becomes a concern, immediate delivery may be advised. Depending on the physician, appointments may be scheduled every 2 to 6 weeks leading up to delivery. If early delivery is suggested, an amniocentesis may be performed to assess the fetal lung maturity.
What Are the Risks for a Baby Born with IUGR?
Babies diagnosed with IUGR face several potential risks, including:
- Increased likelihood of cesarean delivery
- Higher risk of hypoxia (insufficient oxygen at birth)
- Greater chance of meconium aspiration, which can lead to over-distended alveoli, pneumothorax, or bacterial pneumonia
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels)
- Polycythemia (elevated red blood cell count)
- Hyperviscosity (decreased blood flow due to increased red blood cells)
- Elevated risk of motor and neurological disabilities
In conclusion, understanding IUGR is crucial for managing pregnancies at risk. With careful monitoring and appropriate interventions, outcomes can be improved for affected infants. For more detailed information on home insemination, check out resources like Vegas Pregnancy for sperm donor matching, or explore Make A Mom for at-home insemination options. You can also learn more about IUI by visiting Healthline. Additionally, for insights into the soft cup method, see our article on this at Intracervical Insemination. For a broader understanding of family planning and fertility, you may want to visit Modern Family Blog.