Every pregnant woman will undergo testing for gestational diabetes at some point during her pregnancy. Women over 35, those who are overweight, or those with a family history of diabetes may be screened earlier and more frequently.
What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels during pregnancy. It may also be referred to as glucose intolerance or carbohydrate intolerance.
Common signs and symptoms include:
- Presence of sugar in urine (detected during a medical examination)
- Unusual thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Recurring infections, such as vaginal, bladder, or skin infections
- Blurred vision
Who Develops Gestational Diabetes and Why is Screening Important?
Approximately 2 to 5% of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, a figure that can rise to 7 to 9% for those with specific risk factors. Screening typically occurs between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy, as the placenta produces hormones that can lead to insulin resistance. If initial tests show elevated levels, further testing will confirm the diagnosis.
What to Expect During Your Test
During a prenatal visit, your healthcare provider will give you a sweet drink (which may not taste great) to consume an hour before your blood is drawn. Some women may feel mild nausea from the drink. The results will indicate whether your insulin production is adequate.
Treatment for Gestational Diabetes
The primary treatment involves keeping your blood sugar levels in check. You and your provider can take several steps to maintain healthy levels:
- Close monitoring for you and your baby
- Self-monitoring of blood sugar levels
- Insulin therapy, if necessary
- Dietary management and exercise
Should You Be Concerned?
When diagnosed and managed effectively, gestational diabetes poses minimal risk of complications. Women can have healthy babies, and the condition usually resolves after giving birth. However, untreated gestational diabetes can lead to complications such as:
- Higher birth weight
- Premature delivery
- Increased likelihood of cesarean delivery
- Slightly elevated risk of fetal and neonatal death
It’s also vital to watch for symptoms of diabetes after giving birth, which may include:
- Frequent urination
- Persistent thirst
- Elevated blood sugar levels
A follow-up test a few months postpartum is recommended to ensure your blood sugar returns to normal. Keep in mind that women who experience gestational diabetes are at a higher risk for developing type II diabetes later in life. If you notice any symptoms of type II diabetes, consult your healthcare provider.
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In summary, gestational diabetes is a manageable condition that requires attention and care. Proper treatment and monitoring can lead to positive outcomes for both mother and child.