Understanding general anesthesia is crucial for expectant mothers to avoid unexpected surprises during labor. General anesthesia results in complete loss of sensation and consciousness, making it a rare choice for childbirth. The active participation of the mother is considered vital for a safe and effective delivery. However, there are some uncommon scenarios where a healthcare provider may opt for general anesthesia:
- In emergency cesarean sections that require immediate loss of sensation
- In exceptional cases where an epidural or spinal block cannot be administered
- When the woman cannot tolerate regional anesthesia
- When the advantages of general anesthesia clearly outweigh the risks
How is General Anesthesia Administered?
- A muscle relaxant, such as succinylcholine, is given intravenously, quickly making the mother feel very relaxed and semi-conscious.
- She then inhales a gas called nitrous oxide, which induces complete unconsciousness. A tube is inserted into her trachea to maintain an open airway and allow for the administration of anesthesia. This tube is essential because if a person is unconscious, there is a risk of vomiting, and the tube helps prevent the inhalation of vomit.
What Are the Risks for Mother and Baby?
Research indicates that the maternal mortality rate due to general anesthesia can be at least double that of regional anesthesia. The primary cause of maternal death linked to general anesthesia is difficulty managing the airway. For the baby, the main risk involves reduced uterine blood flow and potential neonatal depression. According to the Obstetrics and Gynecology of Danforth, prolonged neonatal effects have led to a significant reduction in the use of general anesthesia during labor and delivery.
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In summary, while general anesthesia during labor is rare and comes with significant risks for both mother and baby, understanding its application and alternatives can empower mothers-to-be with the knowledge they need.